Prof. Dr. Carola Paul

e-mail: carola.paul@uni-goettingen.de

web: www.uni-goettingen.de/de/588671.html

• Development of sustainable land use concepts in the tropics and subtropics
• Economic evaluation and optimization of reforestation and agroforestry systems
• Modeling land use concepts on regional and global scale

Fibich, J.; Paul, C.; Seidl, R.; Knoke, T. (2023): Ökonomische Resilienz auf Bestandesebene quantifizieren. AFZ- Der Wald (14): 14-17. Download

Knoke, T.; Hanley, N.; Roman-Cuesta, R. M.; Groom, B.; Venmans, F.; Paul, C. (2023): Trends in tropical forest loss and the social value of emission reductions. Nature Sustainability. doi: 10.1038/s41893-023-01175-9.

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2022): Potential of Agroforestry in Panama. AgScience on Tap, Feising. Download

Husmann, K.; von Groß, V.; Bödeker, K.; Fuchs, J. M.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2022): optimLanduse: A package for multiobjective land-cover composition optimization under uncertainty. Methods in Ecology and Evolution: 1-10. doi: 10.1111/2041- 210X.14000. Download

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2022): Exploring trade-offs in agro-ecological landscapes: Using a multi-objective land-use allocation model to support agroforestry research. Basic and Applied Ecology 64: 103-119. doi: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.08.002 . Download

Knoke, T., Paul, C.; Gosling, E.; Jarisch, I.; Mohr, J.; Seidl, R. (2022): Assessing the Economic Resilience of Different Management Systems to Severe Forest Disturbance. Environmental and Resource Economics: 1-39. doi: 10.1007/s10640-022-00719-5. Download

Knoke, T.; Gosling, E.; Reith, E.; Gerique, A.; Pohle, P.; Valle Carrión, L.; Ochoa Moreno, W.S.; Castro, L.M.; Calvas, B.; Hildebrandt, P.; Döllerer, M.; Bastit, F.; Paul, C. (2022): Confronting sustainable intensification with uncertainty and extreme values on smallholder tropical farms. Sustainability Science: 1-18. doi: 10.1007/s11625-022-01133-y. Download

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2021): Das Potenzial der Agroforstwirtschaft zur Wiederbewaldung . AFZ - Der Wald (19): 22-25. Download

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T. Paul, C. (2021): The role of agroforestry in a multifunctional and uncertain world: a landscapes perspective. 5th European Agroforestry Conference, online, 17 May 2021.

Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Reith, E.; Paul, C. (2021): Can agroforestry complement a strong cattle culture at the tropical forest frontier? . Virtual IUFRO Conference Small Scale Forestry, 10 February 2021.

Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Reith, E.; Reyes Cáceres, A.; Paul, C. (2021): Which Socio-economic Conditions Drive the Selection of Agroforestry at the Forest Frontier? Environmental Management, 67(6): 1119-1136. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01439-0. Download

Gosling, E.; Reith, E.; Paul, C. (2020): Agroforstwirtschaft – ein Gewinn für Landwirte und Umwelt? . AFZ - Der Wald (17): 26-28. Download

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2020): How Much Agroforestry is Needed to Achieve Multifunctional Landscapes at the Forest Frontier? —Coupling Expert Opinion with Robust Goal Programming . sustainability 12 : 1-27. doi: 10.3390/su12156077. Download

Chreptun, C.; Härtl, F.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2020): Wie lässt sich angesichts von zunehmenden Extremereignissen noch planen? Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 171 (4): 184-188. doi: 10.3188/szf.2020.0184 .

Gosling, E.; Reith, E.; Knoke, T.; Gerique, A.; Paul, C. (2020): Exploring farmer perceptions of agroforestry via multi-objective optimisation: a test application in Eastern Panama . Agroforestry Systems : 1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10457-020-00519-0 . Download

Knoke, T.; Kindu, M.; Jarisch, I.; Gosling, E.; Friedrich, S.; Bödeker, K.; , Paul, C. (2020): How considering multiple criteria, uncertainty scenarios and biological interactions may influence the optimal silvicultural strategy for a mixed forest. Forest Policy and Economics 118 : 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102239. Download

Knoke, T.; Gosling, E.; Paul, C. (2020): Use and misuse of the net present value in environmental studies. Ecological Economics: 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106664. Download

Gosling, E.; Reith, E.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2020): A goal programming approach to evaluate agroforestry systems in Eastern Panama. Journal of Environmental Management 261: 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110248. Download

Paul, C.; Hanley, N.; Meyer, S.; Fürst, C.; Weisser, W.; Knoke, T. (2020): On the functional relationship between biodiversity and economic value. Science Advances: 1-17. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7712. Download

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Rammig, A.; Gosling, E., Hildebrandt, P.; Härtl, F.; Peters, T.; Richter, M.; Diertl, K.H.; Castro, L.C.; Calvas, B.; Ochoa, S.; Valle‐Carrión, L.; Hamer, U.; Tischer, A.; Potthast, K.; Windhorst, D.; Homeier, J.; Wilcke, W.; Velescu, A.; Gerique, A.; Pohle, P.; Adams, J.; Breuer, L.; Mosandl, R.; Beck, E.; Weber, M.; Stimm, B.; Brenner, S.; Verburg, P.; Bendix, J. (2020): Accounting for multiple ecosystem services in a simulation of land‐use decisions: Does it reduce tropical deforestation? Global Change Biology 26: 2403-2420. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15003. Download

Brandl, S.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T.; Falk, W. (2020): The influence of climate and management on survival probability for Germany. Forest Ecology and Management, 458: 117652 : 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117652. Download

Rammig, A.; Bahn, M.; Vera, C.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Vollan, B.; Erb, K.; Bardgett, R.; Lavorel, S.; Thonicke, K. (2019): Adaptive capacity of coupled social-ecological systems to absorb climate extremes - Chapter 14. Climate Extremes and Their Implications for Impact and Risk : 257-278. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814895-2.00014-8.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Friedrich, S.; Borchert, H.; Härtl, F.; Chang, S. C. (2019): The optimal rotation for a fully regulated forest is the same as, or shorter than, the rotation for a single even‑aged forest stand: comments on Helmedag’s (2018) paper. European Journal of Forest Research. doi: 10.1007/s10342-019-01242-x.

Paul, C.; Reith, E.; Salecker, J.; Knoke, T. (2019): How Integrated Ecological-Economic Modelling Can Inform Landscape Pattern in Forest Agroecosystems . Current Landscape Ecology Reports . doi: 10.1007/s40823-019-00046-4.

Messerer, K.; Paul, C. (2019): Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Risiko und Ertrag deutscher Forstbetriebe – ein Modellansatz auf Basis der BWI. Risikowirkshop 2019. Lohr a.M..

Friedrich, S.; Paul, C.; Brandl, S.; Biber, P.; Messerer, K.; Knoke, T. (2019): Economic impact of growth effects in mixed stands of Norway spruce and European beech – A simulation based study. Forest Policy and Economics (104): 65-80. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.003.

Paul, C.; Brandl, S.; Friedrich, S.; Falk, W.; Härtl, F.; Knoke, T. (2019): Climate change and mixed forests: how do altered survival probabilities impact economically desirable species proportions of Norway spruce and European beech? Annals of Forest Science 76 (1). doi: 10.1007/s13595-018-0793-8.

Härtl, F.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2019): Entwicklung des Universitätswaldes der LMU im Klimawandel. AFZ-Der Wald (02): 28-31. Download

Paul, C.; Brandl, S.; Friedrich, S.; Härtl, F.; Falk, W.; Knoke, T. (2019): Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Baumartenwahl. AFZ-Der Wald (02): 21-23. Download

Paul, C.; Härtl, F.; Knoke, T. (2019): Das Waldklimafonds-Verbundprojekt SURVIVAL-KW. AFZ-Der Wald (02): 9. Download

Ochoa, S.; Härtl, F. H.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2019): Cropping systems are homogenized by off-farm income – Empirical evidence from small-scale farming systems in dry forests of southern Ecuador. Land Use Policy 82: 204-219. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.025. Download

Matthies, B. D.; Jacobsen, J. B.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Valsta, L. (2019): Utilising portfolio theory in environmental research – New perspectives and considerations. Journal of Environmental Management 231 (1): 926-939. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.049.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Meyer, S. (2018): Beitrag der Biodiversität zum ökonomischen Wert von Wäldern. Forstwissenschaftliche Tagung 2018, Göttingen.

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Paul, C. (2018): Auswahl von Agroforstsystemen auf unsicherer Datenbasis am Beispiel Panama. 6.Forum Agroforstsysteme, Göttingen.

Reith, E.; Gosling, E.; Knoke, T.; Uhde, B.; Paul, C. (2018): Ökosystemleistungen bewerten – Beispiele aus Chile und Panama. AFZ-Der Wald (14): 13-15. Download

Friedrich, S.; Paul, C.; Brandl, S.; Knoke, T. (2018): Economic evaluation of growth effects in mixed forest stands: A simulation study for Norway spruce and European beech in Southern Germany. 2018 Biennial Seminar, Scandinavian Society of Forest Economists (SSFE), 22.-25. Mai 2018, Helsingoer, Dänemark.

Friedrich, S.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2018): Integrating risks in forest planning. Horizon 2020 - Care4C - Kickoff - Seminar, 14. März 2018, Freising.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2017): Science-directed guidance for an ecologically, economically and socially sustainable land use. Landscape Restoration, Sustainable Use and Cross-scale Monitoring of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions: 3-16. doi: 10.5678/lcrs/pak823-825.cit.1632.

Paul, C.; Ochoa Moreno, S.; Castro, L. M.; Calvas, B.; Knoke, T. (2017): Balancing regulating and provisioning ecosystem services: Comprehensive land-use concepts for effective conservation. Landscape Restoration, Sustainable Use and Cross-scale Monitoring of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions: 41-54. doi: 10.5678/lcrs/pak823-825.cit.1632.

Paul, C. (2017): Identifying suitable species compositions to mitigate economic risks under climate change - A mechanistic modelling approach under uncertainty. IUFRO - 125th Anniversary Congress, Freiburg.

Pretzsch, H.; Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Bauhus, J.; Forrester, D.I. (2017): Perspectives for Future Research on Mixed-Species Systems. Pretzsch, H.; Forrester, D.I.; Bauhus, J.(eds.) Mixed-Species Forests.Springer, Berlin: 579-606. ISBN: 978-3-662-54553-9.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Härtl, F. (2017): A critical view on benefit-cost analyses of silvicultural management options with declining discount rates. Forest Policy and Economics 83: 58-69. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.06.005.

Paul, C. (2017): Waldbauliche Optionen in den (Sub-)Tropen-Potenziale und Grenzen der Agroforstwirtschaft aus forstlicher Perspektive. 68. Tagung des Deutschen Forstvereins e.V., 18. Mai 2017, Regensburg.

Knoke, T.; Messerer, K.; Paul, C. (2017): The Role of Economic Diversification in Forest Ecosystem Management. Current Forestry Reports 2(3): 93-106. doi: 10.1007/s40725-017-0054-3.

Paul, C.; Weber, M.; Knoke, T. (2017): Agroforestry versus farm mosaic systems – Comparing land-use efficiency, economic returns and risks under climate change effects. Science of The Total Environment 587–588: 22–35. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.037.

Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2016): Forest value: More than commercial. Science 354 (6319): 1541. doi: 10.1126/science.aal2499.

Knoke, T.; Clasen, C.; Paul, C.; Friedrich, S. (2016): Ökonomische Kalkulationen sprechen oft für Naturverjüngung. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 71 (17): 42-45. Download

Paul, C.; Weber, M.; Knoke, T. (2016): Agroforestry for promoting productive forest restoration in the tropics. The 10th European Conference on Ecological Restoration, Freising, Germany. ISBN: 978-3-00-053734-9.

Ochoa, S.; Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2016): Warum Kleinbauern in Ecuador die Landnutzung diversifizieren. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 71 (13): 31-34. Download

Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2016): 2030-Agenda-ein globaler Blick auf Trends in der Waldnutzung. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 71 (13): 23-26. Download

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Hildebrandt, P.; Calvas, B.; Castro, L.M.; Härtl, F.; Döllerer, M.; Hamer, U.; Windhorst, D.; Wiersma, Y.F.; Curatola Fernandez, Giulia F.; Obermeier, W.A.; Adams, J.; Breuer, L.; Mosandl, R.; Beck, E.; Weber, M.; Stimm, B.; Haber, W.; Fürst, C.; Bendix, J. (2016): Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties. Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11877. doi: doi:10.1038/ncomms11877.

Paul, C.; Barros, D.C.; Ochoa, S.; Döllerer, M.; Knoke, T. (2016): Effects of extreme weather events under increased food demand on deforestation - an economic modelling approach for Ecuador. European Conference of Tropical Ecology, Göttingen, Germany; Conference Proceedings: Heymann et al., Tropical Diversity Ecology and Land Use: 91. ISBN: 978-3-00-052047-1.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C. (2016): Optimizing ecosystem services suggests diversified restoration of abandoned tropical pastures. European Conference of Tropical Ecology, Göttingen, Germany; Conference Proceedings: Heymann et al., Tropical Diversity Ecology and Land Use: 90. ISBN: 978-3-00-052047-1.

Ochoa, S.; Paul, C.; Castro, L.M.; Valle, L.; Knoke, T. (2016): Banning goats could exacerbate deforestation of the Ecuadorian dry forest - How the effectiveness of conservation payment is influenced by productive use options. Erdkunde 70 (1): 49-67. doi: 10.3112/erdkunde.2016.01.04. Download

Paul, C.; Weber, M. (2016): Effects of planting food crops on survival and early growth of timber trees in eastern Panama. New Forests 47 (1): 53-72. doi: 10.1007/s11056-015-9477-5.

Paul, C.; Khasanah, N.; Noordwijk, M.V.; Knoke, T. (2015): Agroforestry, coarse-level mixing of trees and crops or monocultures? Land-use decisions under uncertainty. Annual Conference of the Society for Tropical Ecology (Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie e.V. - gtö), Zürich, Switzerland; Conference Proceedings: Kettle, C.J.; Magrach, A. (eds), Resilience of tropical ecosystems-Future challenges and opportunities: 98. ISBN: 978-3-00-048918-1.

Knoke, T.; Paul, C.; Härtl, F.; Castro, L.M.; Calvas, B.; Hildebrandt, P. (2015): Optimizing agricultural land-use portfolios with scarce data—A non-stochastic model. Ecological Economics 120: 250-259. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.021.

Paul, C.; Griess, V. C.; Havardi-Burger, N.; Weber, M. (2015): Timber-based agrisilviculture improves financial viability of hardwood plantations: a case study from Panama. Agroforestry Systems 89 (2): 217–235. doi: 10.1007/s10457-014-9755-9.

Paul, C.; Knoke, T. (2015): Between land sharing and land sparing – what role remains for forest management and conservation? International Forestry Review 17 (2): 210–230. doi: 10.1505/146554815815500624.

Paul, C.; Weber, M.; Knoke, T. (2014): Reducing Financial Risks of Reforestation by Product Diversification - an Agroforestry Approach. Conference of the Society for Tropical Ecology, Freising, Germany; Conference Proceedings: Mosandl, R.; Weber, M.; Stimm, B.; Hildebrandt, P.; Knoke, T. (ed.), Tropical Ecosystems - between Protection and Production .

Paul, C.; Knoke, T.; Weber, M. (2014): Agroforstsysteme zur Verbesserung der Wertholzproduktion in den Tropen. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 69 (21): 23–25. Download

Abt, A.; Haas, P.; Paul, C.; Luick, R. (2014): Wertholzproduktion mit Birnen und Speierlingen. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 69 (22): 16–18. Download

Hahn, A.; Clasen, C.; Griess, V. C.; Härtl, F.; Hauk, S.; Paul, C.; Schneider, T.; Wallner, A.; Knoke, T.; eds. (2014): FChange 2014. An international conference of IUFRO unit 4.02.00 on Forest Cover Change. Download

Paul, C.; Weber, M. (2013): Intercropping Cedrela odorata with Shrubby Crop Species to Reduce Infestation with Hypsipyla grandella and Improve the Quality of Timber. ISRN Forestry 2013 Vol 2013: Article ID 637410. doi: 10.1155/2013/637410.

Paul, C. (2013): Agroforstliche Möglichkeiten zur Förderung der Wiederaufforstung in Panama – eine waldbaulich-ökonomische Bewertung. Freising: 245 p. Download

Paul, C.; Weber, M. (2012): Enriching Forest Plantations with Understory Crops: An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Reforestation, Food Security and Resilient Production Systems. Tropentagung 2012, Göttingen, Germany; Conference Proceedings: Tielkes, E. (ed.), Resilience of agricultural systems against crisis.

Paul, C.; Weber, M. (2012): Initial tree growth in different Taungya Systems in Panama. Conference of the Society for Tropical Ecology, Erlangen, Germany; Conference Proceedings: Bräuning, A.; Richter, M.; Peters, T. (ed.), Islands in Land- and Seascape: The Challenges of Fragmentation.

• Potential of agroforestry in Panama: a mechanistic land-use modelling approach
• Alterations in the lifetime of forest stands
• Sustainable Land Use in Ecuador

• Land use optimization at small-scale farm level in Panama
• Reforesting Tropical Dry Forest in Panama with Native Tree Species - Comparing Height, Basal Area and Survival Rate of Conventional vs. Agroforestry Methods
• Land use change and diversification: Agroforestry experiences in the Bolivian Andes
• The benefits of paludiculture systems on Indonesian peatland - an optimisation approach for effective peatland restoration
• Vergleichende Untersuchung der Wachstumshypothesen von Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) anhand einer Fallstudie in West Panama
• Ermittlung der optimalen Umtriebszeit der Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii) am bayerischen Forstbetrieb Thurn und Taxis Forst
• Einwuchsmodellierung in forstwissenschaftlichen Matrixmodellen - eine Literaturrecherche
• Impact of Europe's Circular Economy Package 2015 on the biodiversity of forest species - A Systems Analysis approach
• Solid waste management service cost evaluation. A Bolivian municipality case study
• Assessing the use of biophysical soil erosion models for evaluating the costs of soil erosion prevention in South Ecuador
• Waldbaulich-ertragskundliche Simulation einer Buchen-Birken-Mischung
• Vergleichende Untersuchung zur natürlichen Verjüngung in Agrarforstsystemen, Kiefernaufforstung und Sekündärwald in Ost-Panama
• Analyse von Pflegekonzepten für qualitativ unbefriedigende Buchenstammhölzer
• Optimizing land-use allocation in Ecuador under site-specific land-use restrictions - effects on compensation payments for forest conservation and the role of diversification
• Natürliche Verjüngung im Sekundärwald in Abhängigkeit der Lichtsituation in Ost-Panama
• A meta-analysis comparing maize yields of agriculture and agroforestry stands
• Vergleich der Renditen von Forstplantagen in Südamerika und alternativen Geldanlagen unter Berücksichtigung von Land-preisen, Länder-und Produktionsrisiken
• Ökonomische Bewertung von Agroforstsystemen in der Dominikanischen Republik: Ein Optimierungsansatz unter Einbeziehung von Risiken und betrieblichen Restriktionen